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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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time
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073189
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07318900.005
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1990-09-17
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BEHAVIOR, Page 43A Fatal Obsession with the StarsAn actress's murder points to growing problem of disturbed fans
Neighbors said the slight, bookish-looking man with curly brown
hair had been wandering the streets of Los Angeles' prosperous
Fairfax district for hours. He stopped residents, pulled a picture
of a young woman out of a large manila envelope, and asked if they
had seen her around. Eventually he learned her address. On Tuesday
morning last week, say police, he waited outside her apartment for
nearly four hours. Finally he apparently rang her bell. When she
answered the door, he allegedly shot her dead.
The victim was Rebecca Schaeffer, 21, a rising actress who
co-starred in the CBS series My Sister Sam and is featured in the
current movie Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills.
Arrested for her murder in Tucson the next day was Robert John
Bardo, 19, a former fast-food restaurant worker. Authorities
describe him as "an obsessive fan of Miss Schaeffer's."
The words "obsessive fan" cause a premonitory chill among
celebrities these days. Increasingly they have seen that the most
fervent admirers can turn into crazed attackers. The problem has
become more evident since the beginning of the decade, when Mark
David Chapman killed John Lennon and John Hinckley shot President
Ronald Reagan in a bizarre bid for the affection of actress Jodie
Foster. There has been a rash of ugly episodes, some murderous,
some merely distressing:
A 26-year-old woman was arrested earlier this year after
allegedly sending more than 5,000 threatening letters to actor
Michael J. Fox. The letters said that Fox and his new wife, actress
Tracy Pollan, would die if he did not divorce her. They were signed
"Your No. 1 Fan."
A former mental patient showed up at Universal Studios last
December and allegedly shot and killed two unarmed guards after
they refused his demand to see actor Michael Landon.
A crazed fan, convicted of knifing actress Theresa Saldana in
1982, has repeatedly threatened to kill her when he gets out of
jail. Saldana has waged a public campaign to prevent the man's
release. Authorities recently stayed his parole, but it is now
scheduled for March.
A 41-year-old former legal secretary who calls herself Billie
Jean Jackson was sentenced to 2 1/2 years in jail for violating a
court order to stay away from singer Michael Jackson's Encino home
and stop representing herself as his wife.
Talk--show host David Letterman has had his Connecticut home
broken into four times and his sports car taken for a spin by a
36-year-old woman who refers to herself as "Mrs. Letterman."
Since 1980, a 52-year-old farmer has been convicted eleven
times of harassing singer Anne Murray. He called her office 263
times in six months last year.
Such star stalkers are only just beginning to be understood.
Most people are attracted by celebrities' aura of glamour, power
and wealth, but normal fans know their fantasies are bounded by
reality. Obsessed fans do not. Typically they are young, between
20 and 34, and emotionally unbalanced. Unable to forge
relationships with the real people in their lives, they imagine
intimacy with a public figure. Actors, singers, athletes,
politicians -- any will serve their needs.
The attachment is usually expressed as love. In a study
sponsored by the National Institute of Justice and released this
year, researchers analyzed 1,500 "inappropriate" letters sent to
dozens of Hollywood celebrities. Only 5% of the writers cast
themselves as enemies or would-be assassins. Others saw themselves
as business associates, friends or religious saviors. But the rest
acted like spouses or suitors. Says Park Dietz, a forensic
psychiatrist in Newport Beach, Calif., who directed the project:
"If you didn't know who the two people were, you would think it was
a normal love letter." About 15% of the writers tried to approach
the stars personally, usually at their homes.
When obsessed fans turn violent, say experts, it is usually not
out of hatred but because their romantic fantasies cannot be
fulfilled. Celebrities with the sweetest images may be the most
vulnerable, perhaps because their seeming availability makes the
frustrated fan's disappointment more intense. Thus an actress like
Joan Collins who portrays bitchy characters may inspire hate mail,
but those who are seen as the girl next door, like Schaeffer and
Saldana, will attract fans who are potentially more dangerous.
Those who kill "may feel that they are going to be united in
heaven, or that the person is being taken over by devils and that
they're going to save them from a worse punishment," explains Janet
Warren, a professor of behavioral medicine at the University of
Virginia, who worked on the Justice study.
Celebrities, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unwittingly,
encourage overinvolvement by their fans. A sort of perverse
symbiosis exists between star and votary. Many celebrities lack
sturdy egos and are looking for unqualified adoration. Others think
that their most emotional and devoted fans are integral to their
success and must be cultivated. Dietz deplores the Hollywood
routine of answering fan mail. And he is especially critical of the
practice of sending out autographed publicity photos: "Sometimes
mentally ill recipients interpret the signed photograph as a
personal communication confirming, for example, that they are about
to be married."
Disturbed admirers may also get the wrong impression when
celebrities share their private lives. Some stars appear eager to
confide their most personal secrets in popular magazines, and they
allow cameras to roam freely in their homes -- even their bedrooms
-- on shows like Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous. "There's a
tremendous need for caution and restraint," says Theresa Saldana.
But she and others argue that it is their profession more than
their publicity that exposes stars to the public.
Some celebrities invest a great deal of money to protect
themselves from their fans. Gavin de Becker, who operates a
100-client security service in Los Angeles, charges those who
request full-time protection an average of $225,000 a year. De
Becker provides the staffs and publicists of celebrities with 20
pointers to help them screen letters or calls. A direct threat is
not necessarily a good indicator of true danger, he says. "`I'm
going to kill you' is as common as a fan letter to many of these
people." But, he adds, "it becomes different if someone says, `I've
sold my house, and I'm coming to get you.'" De Becker and his staff
of 31 are currently keeping tabs on 5,400 people who may pose a
safety hazard to his clients; about half are considered serious
threats.
Warning signs of obsession are usually evident long before fans
attack. Overardent admirers talk incessantly about their idols.
They watch their films again and again or play their recordings
over and over. They neglect responsibilities at home, school or
work. Sometimes they devote an entire room to a celebrity, filling
it with photographs and clippings, making it a sort of shrine.
"Families should take this seriously," warns Dietz, "but they
usually don't." The next step in the compulsion often involves
travel, according to De Becker, first in a random pattern, then
with a purpose: to follow the object of their desires.
The alleged killer of Rebecca Schaeffer appears to fit the
profile to a remarkable degree. He kept a video collection of
episodes of her television show. He proudly displayed an
autographed publicity photo of the actress, and he sent her "an
affectionate letter" a year ago. He called her agency several
times. Sadly, no one discerned in time the pattern of a fatal
obsession.